Vascular Bioactivation of Nitroglycerin Is Catalyzed by Cytosolic Aldehyde Dehydrogenase-2.

Circ Res. 2011 Dec 29;
Beretta M, Wlkart G, Schernthaner M, Griesberger M, Neubauer R, Schmidt K, Sacherer M, Heinzel FR, Kohlwein SD, Mayer B

Rationale:According to ubiquitous view, aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 (ALDH2) catalyzes a high-affinity pathway of vascular nitroglycerin (GTN) bioactivation in well-spoken muscle mitochondria. Despite carrying wide implications to GTN pharmacology as well as raising many questions which are still unresolved, mitochondrial bioactivation of GTN in red blood vessels is still not in experimental support.Objective:In a present study, you investigated whether bioactivation of GTN is affected by a subcellular localization of ALDH2 regulating immortalized ALDH2-deficient aortic well-spoken muscle cells as well as rodent aortas with selective overexpression of a enzyme in either cytosol or mitochondria.Methods as well as Results:Quantitative Western blotting revealed which ALDH2 is mainly cytosolic in rodent aorta as well as human coronary arteries, with only approximately 15% (mouse) as well as approximately 5% (human) of a enzyme being localized in mitochondria. Infection of ALDH2-deficient aortic well-spoken muscle cells or removed aortas with adenovirus containing ALDH2 cDNA with or but a mitochondrial signal peptide method led to selective expression of a protein in mitochondria as well as cytosol, respectively. Cytosolic overexpression of ALDH2 restored GTN-induced decrease as well as GTN denitration to wild-type levels, whereas overexpression in mitochondria (6-fold vs wild-type) had no outcome on relaxation. Overexpression of ALDH2 in a cytosol of ALDH2-deficient aortic well-spoken muscle cells led to a significant increase in GTN denitration as well as cyclic GMP accumulation, whereas mitochondrial overexpression had no effect.Conclusions:The data indicate which vascular bioactivation of GTN is catalyzed by cytosolic ALDH2. Mitochondrial GTN metabolism may contribute to oxidative stress-related adverse goods of nitrate therapy as well as a development of nitrate tolerance.

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The DNA Repair Gene APE1 T1349G Polymorphism and Risk of Gastric Cancer in a Chinese Population.

PLoS One. 2011; 6(12): e28971
Gu D, Wang M, Wang S, Zhang Z, Chen J

Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1) has a central role in a repair of apurinic apyrimidic sites through both its endonuclease as well as its phosphodiesterase activities. A common APE1 polymorphism, T1349G (rs3136820), was previously shown to be associated with a risk of cancers.We hypothesized which a APE1 T1349G polymorphism is also associated with risk of gastric cancer.In a hospital-based case-control study of 338 box patients with newly diagnosed gastric cancer as well as 362 cancer-free controls frequency-matched by age as well as sex, you genotyped a T1349G polymorphism as well as assessed its associations with risk of gastric cancer.Compared with a APE1 TT genotype, individuals with a various TG/GG genotypes had a significantly increased risk of gastric cancer (odds ratio=1.69, 95% confidence interval=1.19-2.40), which was more pronounced among subgroups of elderly 60 years, male, ever smokers, as well as ever drinkers. Further analyses revealed which a various genotypes were associated with an increased risk for diffuse-type, low depth of growth infiltration (T1 as well as T2), as well as lymph node metastasis gastric cancer.The APE1 T1349G polymorphism may be a marker for a growth of gastric cancer in a Chinese population. Larger studies are required to validate these findings in diverse populations.

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C677T and A1298C methylenetetrahydropholate reductase (MTHFR) polymorphisms as factors involved in ischemic stroke.

Rom J Morphol Embryol. 2011; 52(4): 1203-7
Arsene D, Gin G, Blescu C, Ardeleanu C

Background: Ischemic cadence is a vital health problem. Data per a possible organisation between ischemic cadence as well as a polymorphism of methylenetetrahydropholate reductase (MTHFR) C677T as well as A1298C are still conflictual. Aim: The study tried to consider a organisation of a two MTHFR polymorphisms with ischemic cadence in a series of patients from a unique hospital center. Materials as well as Methods: The study comprised a sum of 127 patients (67 with non-cardioembolic ischemic cadence diagnosed by computed tomography or captivating inflection imaging) as well as 60 carry out cases. The method we used was reverse hybridization performed upon peripheral blood for C677T as well as A1298C polymorphisms. In all patients a clever clinical examination, laboratory analyses of cholesterol, glucose amount as well as triglycerides, as well as their medical history were available. Results: The mean age of cadence patients was 68.73 years, as well as 55.2% were males. Gene research for C677T disclosed a presence of TT genotype in some-more carry out subjects than in cadence series (15% as well as 7.46% respectively). Also, a overall T allele (CT+TT cases) was present in 71.6% of carry out cases, as compared with 44.7% cadence patients. 1298C allele was almost equally distributed among a two series. No statistically significant correlations of a two genotypes with infarct localization as well as measure ant with other potential risk factors (hypertension, lipids, diabetes mellitus) were observed. Conclusions: The two MTHFR polymorphisms, C677T as well as A1298C, seemed not related to a conflict of ischemic cadence in the study. However, they could be rather involved in hemorrhagic stroke, as seen in the carry out patients. Further analysis upon incomparable series is mandatory since homocysteine wake up (related to MTHFR activity) could be easily shabby by folate or cobalamin derivatives.

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[Calcium metabolism associated with oral diseases. Diabetes and oral disease].

Clin Calcium. 2012 Jan; 22(1): 49-55
Katagiri S, Izumi Y

Periodontal mildew is a single of a complications in diabetes. We discuss about attribute between diabetes and periodontitis from a perspective of epidemiology, mechanism and outcome of involvement treatment. Excellent glycemic carry out is essential to improve periodontal mildew in diabetic patients, and periodontal diagnosis not usually prevents growth and course of diabetes though also prevents its complications. We need to focus on a diagnosis for both diabetes and periodontal disease, as a mildew to affect each other.

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Leukoencephalopathy and disseminated necrotizing leukoencephalopathy following intrathecal methotrexate chemotherapy and radiation therapy for central nerve system lymphoma or leukemia.

J Korean Neurosurg Soc. 2011 Oct; 50(4): 304-10
Kim JY, Kim ST, Nam DH, Lee JI, Park K, Kong DS

Intrathecal methotrexate (MTX) therapy combined with whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) is one of a major treatment modalities for leukemia as well as lymphoma involving a central nervous system (CNS). The purpose of this study was to retrospectively determine a incidences of leukoencephalopathy as well as disseminated necrotizing leukoencephalopathy (DNL) following intrathecal MTX therapy for CNS lymphoma or leukemia as well as to assess a intensity risk factors.Between Jan 2000 as well as Aug 2009, 143 patients with CNS lymphoma or leukemia received intrathecal MTX therapy alone or in combination with WBRT at a single institution. Patients were followed up clinically as well as radiologically at regular two- or three-month intervals. Medical records were reviewed to obtain information regarding a patients' demographics, medical histories, radiologic characteristics, treatments, as well as clinical courses.On follow-up MR images, leukoencephalopathy was found in 95 of 143 patients (66.4%). The median time to develop leukoencephalopathy was 6.6 months. Among those with leukoencephalopathy, four patients showed seven extensive white-matter changes with strongly enhancing lesions demonstrating DNL. Histological confirmation was done in six lesions of three patients as well as radiological diagnosis alone in one patient. Four lesions spontaneously disappeared on MR images without any treatment, with a mean generation of 14 months prior to disappearance of DNL.Leukoencephalopathy is a common phenomenon which occurs following intrathecal MTX therapy; however, DNL occurs at a very low incidence. For newly developed enhancing lesions, consideration for a feeling of DNL should be taken to avoid unnecessary invasive procedures or therapies.

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Stapled mucosectomy: an alternative technique for the removal of retained rectal mucosa after ileal pouch-anal anastomosis.

Gut Liver. 2011 Dec; 5(4): 539-42
Ertem M, Ozben V

Restorative proctocolectomy (RPC), when performed with the stapled ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA), allows the retention of the rectal mucosa on top of the dentate line and can result in disease diligence or recurrence, as good as neoplastic lesions in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). We report the case of the studious with chronic UC who underwent tack mucosectomy, which is an alternative technique that evolved from stapled hemorrhoidopexy, rsther than than more traditional procedures. The studious had undergone laparoscopic RPC with the stapled IPAA 2 cm on top of the dentate line and the proxy loop ileostomy. Because the histopathology showed low-grade dysplasia in the proximal rectum, stapled mucosectomy with the 33-mm circular stapler kit during the time of ileostomy closure was scheduled. Following the duplicate of the purse-string suture 1 cm on top of the dentate line, the stapler was inserted with the anvil beyond the purse-string and was fired. The excised rectal tissue was checked to ensure that it was the complete cylindrical doughnut. Histopathology of the excised tissue showed chronic inflammation. There were no complications during the follow-up period of 5 months. Because it preserves the normal rectal mucosal architecture and avoids the complex mucosectomy surgery, stapled mucosectomy seems to be the technically possibly and clinically acceptable alternative to the dismissal of rectal mucosa defended after RPC.

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Combined diagnostic modalities improve detection of detrusor external sphincter dyssynergia.

ISRN Obstet Gynecol. 2011; 2011: 323421
Spettel S, Kalorin C, De E

Introduction. The diagnosis of detrusor-external sphincter dyssynergia (DESD) is a clinically applicable finding during urodynamic testing. However, there is no consensus regarding diagnostic specifics of electromyography (EMG) or voiding cystourethrography (VCUG). We evaluated a concordance of a two modalities most ordinarily used in clinical practice for a diagnosis of DESD. Methods. Patients were prospectively evaluated by a singular urodynamicist during an academic center as well as retrospectively re-evaluated by an independent urodynamicist for agreement. DESD was determined by increased vegetable patch EMG wake up or a dilated bladder neck/proximal urethra on VCUG during detrusor contraction. Minimal acceptable pattern for agreement was set during 70%. Results. Forty-six patients were diagnosed with DESD with both modalities available. Of these 46 patients, twenty-five were diagnosed by both tests, 11 by VCUG alone as well as 10 by vegetable patch EMG alone. Binomial testing demonstrated a proportion of agreement was 54% (95% CI 39% to 68%). Conclusion. We found significant disagreement between a two modalities, identical to formerly reported findings using needle EMG, as well as you expand a applicability of our data to a infancy of clinicians who use vegetable patch EMG electrodes. This further supports a idea which a combined use of EMG as well as VCUG for diagnosis can identify more cases of DESD than either modality alone.

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Does regular surveillance improve the long-term survival of arteriovenous fistulas?

Int J Nephrol. 2012; 2012: 539608
Shetty A, Whittier WL

The rate of arteriovenous fistula (AVF) placement continues to rise and AVF failure is a major complication. The main means of AVF failure is stenosis heading to thrombosis. Although the showing of early stenosis with preemptive correction prior to thrombosis seems to be a plausible option to prevent entrance failure, there is much debate, upon the basis of studies of notice with arteriovenous grafts, as to whether early notice essentially improves the longevity of AVFs. Evaluating the available information for surveillance, specifically the interpretation for AVF stenosis and survival, is necessary to determine if notice is warranted. These trials have shown that vascular entrance flow (Qa) notice is profitable in revealing subclinical stenosis. Preemptive angioplasty and surgical revision have shown to diminution thrombosis rates. However, during the benefaction time, there is only limited interpretation upon whether preemptive treatment equates to softened long-term AVF survival.

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Providing high-value, cost-conscious care.

Ann Intern Med. 2011 Dec 20; 155(12): 858-9
Nash IS

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The role of group dynamics in scientific inconsistencies: a case study of a research consortium.

PLoS Med. 2011 Dec; 8(12): e1001143
Rosmalen JG, Oldehinkel AJ

Judith Rosmalen as well as Albertine Oldehinkel describe their experience in the TRAILS research consortium to discuss why research teams might publish contradictory or inconsistent formula despite procedures to avoid this; they emphasize the role of internal organisation dynamics rather than faulty announcement practices.

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ABO Incompatible Kidney Transplantation-Current Status and Uncertainties.

J Transplant. 2011; 2011: 970421
Shin M, Kim SJ

In the past, ABO red blood group incompatibility was deliberate an absolute contraindication for kidney transplantation. Progress in defined desensitization practice and immunologic understanding has allowed increasingly successful ABO incompatible transplantation during recent years. This paper focused on the history, disserted outcomes, desensitization modalities and protocols, posttransplant immunologic surveillance, and antibody-mediated rejection in transplantation with an ABO incompatible kidney allograft. The mechanism underlying accommodation and antibody-mediated injury was also described.

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Addition of bevacizumab to temsirolimus in kidney cancer patients.

Case Rep Oncol. 2011 Sep; 4(3): 531-3
Boyle H, Ngrier S

Treatment of metastatic kidney cancer has altered dramatically in a past years with a use of VEGF-targeted therapies as well as mTOR inhibitors. However, resistance occurs. We report here dual cases of patients who benefited, both on mildew control as well as side effects, from a addition of bevacizumab to temsirolimus, after progression on a mTOR inhibitor alone.

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Preparation and Optimization of Protein-DNA Complexes Suitable for Detailed NMR Studies.

Methods Mol Biol. 2012; 831: 219-32
Sam MD, Clubb RT

This chapter describes the methods to form as well as optimize samples of protein-DNA complexes that are befitting for detailed structure as well as dynamics studies by NMR spectroscopy.

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Evaluation of PCR on Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid for Diagnosis of Invasive Aspergillosis: A Bivariate Metaanalysis and Systematic Review.

PLoS One. 2011; 6(12): e28467
Sun W, Wang K, Gao W, Su X, Qian Q, Lu X, Song Y, Guo Y, Shi Y

BACKGROUND: Nucleic acid detection by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is emerging as a sensitive as well as rapid evidence tool. PCR assays upon serum have a potential to be a practical evidence tool. However, PCR upon bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) has not been well established. We performed a systematic review of published studies to weigh a evidence correctness of PCR assays upon BALF for invasive aspergillosis (IA). METHODS: Relevant published studies were shortlisted to weigh a quality of their methodologies. A bivariate retrogression approach was used to calculate pooled values of a method sensitivity, specificity, as well as positive as well as negative likelihood ratios. Hierarchical outline receiver operating characteristic curves were used to summarize overall performance. We calculated a post-test probability to weigh clinical usefulness. Potential heterogeneity among studies was explored by subgroup analyses. RESULTS: Seventeen studies comprising 1191 at-risk patients were selected. The outline estimates of a BALF-PCR test for proven as well as probable IA were as follows: sensitivity, 0.91 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.79-0.96); specificity, 0.92 (95% CI, 0.87-0.96); positive likelihood ratio, 11.90 (95% CI, 6.80-20.80); as well as negative likelihood ratio, 0.10 (95% CI, 0.04-0.24). Subgroup analyses showed which a opening of a PCR test was shabby by PCR test methodology, primer design as well as a methods of cell wall disruption as well as DNA extraction. CONCLUSIONS: PCR test upon BALF is highly accurate for diagnosing IA in immunocompromised patients as well as is likely to be a utilitarian evidence tool. However, further efforts towards devising a standard protocol are needed to capacitate grave validation of BALF-PCR.

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The effects of ginger on gallbladder motility in healthy male humans.

J Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2011 Oct; 17(4): 411-5
Chuah SK, Wu KL, Tai WC, Changchien CS

Ginger has been used to treat a number of diseases including those inspiring a digestive tract. This investigate was aimed to investigate a effects of ginger on gallbladder volume and gastrointestinal sensation in full of health masculine subjects.Nineteen full of health masculine volunteers (age 21.3 3.9 years, body mass index 21.6 1.9 kg/m(2)) were studied on 2 occasions in a double blind randomized crossover design. After ingesting ginger (1,200 mg) or placebo capsules (starch), abdominal ultrasound was used to measure a gallbladder volume (calculated from gallbladder width, depth and diameter) and ejection fraction following a standard exam meal. Gastrointestinal symptoms were additionally recorded at regular intervals by visual equivalent term scales.There were no differences in gallbladder volume or ejection fraction between ginger and placebo. Abdominal symptoms of bloating, fullness, nausea, discomfort and hunger was not different between a 2 occasions.Ginger (1,200 mg) may not affect gallbladder ejection fraction and possible relevant abdominal symptoms in full of health masculine human subjects.

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The prophylactic use of recombinant factor VIIa in a patient with DeBakey type III aortic dissection -A case report-.

Korean J Anesthesiol. 2011 Nov; 61(5): 431-4
Kim WJ, Oh JY, Son HJ, Chin JH, Choi DK, Lee EH, Sim JY, Choi IC

Little is known about a prophylactic use of recombinant factor VIIa (rFVIIa) in patients undergoing surgery for a bleeding aorta contracting cardiopulmonary bypass. We report a successful use of rFVIIa in a patient undergoing hypothermic circulatory detain and enlarged cardiopulmonary bypass for repair of a DeBakey type III aortic dissection.

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An evaluation of knowledge, attitude, and practice of adverse drug reaction reporting among prescribers at a tertiary care hospital.

Perspect Clin Res. 2011 Oct; 2(4): 129-36
Desai CK, Iyer G, Panchal J, Shah S, Dikshit RK

Spontaneous stating is an important apparatus in pharmacovigilance. However, a success depends upon cooperative as well as encouraged prescribers. Under-reporting of inauspicious drug reactions (ADRs) by prescribers is a common problem. The present study was undertaken to weigh a knowledge, attitude, as well as practices (KAP) regarding ADR stating among prescribers during a Civil Hospital, Ahmedabad, to get an insight into a causes of under-reporting of ADRs.A pretested KAP questionnaire comprising of 15 questions (knowledge 6, perspective 5, as well as practice 4) was administered to 436 prescribers. The questionnaires were assessed for their entire (maximum measure 20) as well as a type of responses regarding ADR reporting. Microsoft Excel worksheet (Microsoft Office 2007) as well as Chi-Square test were used for statistical analysis.A total of 260 (61%) prescribers completed a questionnaire (mean measure of execution 18.04). The response rate of resident doctors (70.7%) was better than consultants (34.5%) (P < 0.001). ADR stating was considered important by 97.3% of a respondents; primarily for improving patient safety (28.8%) as well as identifying new ADRs (24.6%). A majority of a respondents opined that they would like to report serious ADRs (56%). However, only 15% of a prescribers had reported ADRs previously. The reasons cited for this were miss of information upon where (70%) as well as how (68%) to report as well as a miss of entrance to stating forms (49.2%). Preferred methods for stating were e-mail (56%) as well as personal information exchnage (42%).The prescribers are aware of a ADRs as well as a importance of their reporting. However, under stating as well as miss of believe about a stating system are obviously evident. Creating awareness about ADR stating as well as devising means to make it easy as well as available may aid in improving spontaneous reporting.

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Comparison between cone beam computed tomography and panoramic radiography in the assessment of the relationship between the mandibular canal and impacted class C mandibular third molars.

Dent Res J (Isfahan). 2011 Oct; 8(4): 203-10
Dalili Z, Mahjoub P, Sigaroudi AK

Preoperative radiographic analysis of impacted third molars is essential to determine a vicinity to a mandibular canal to minimize a risk of nerve injury. Our study aim was to evaluate a attribute between a mandibular canal as well as impacted mandibular third molars regulating cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) as well as to compare commentary therein with breathtaking radiographic signs.CBCT images were taken from 29 patients having 43 Class C impacted mandibular third molars whose breathtaking radiographs showed a close attribute between a mandibular canal as well as mandibular third molars. We evaluated their tomographs to determine a course of a canal, its vicinity to a root, any narrowing of a canal, a presence of root grooving or hooks as well as a vicinity of a root to a cortex. A Chi-square exam was used for data analysis.The lingual course of a canal was a many frequently detected course in all breathtaking findings. Contact of a tooth with a canal was celebrated in all cases in which breathtaking signs of deviation of a canal as well as darkening of a roots were found. The magnitude of observing a narrowing of a canal in CBCT as compared to seeing a presence or a absence of canal narrowing in breathtaking radiographs was significantly different (P=0.01).CBCT provides more accurate diagnostic information to determine a attribute of impacted third molars to a canal. Deviation of a canal as well as darkening of a roots in breathtaking view can be highly valuable to envision a risk of nerve injury.

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